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Zaštita Materijala 2. 2022

Dejana Kasapović1, Fehim Korać2, Farzet Bikić1*

1University of Zenica, Faculty of Metallurgy and Technology, Zenica, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2University of Sarajevo,  Faculty of Science, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202115K

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
115 – 121   (2022)

 

Testing the effectiveness of raspberry flower extract as an inhibitor of copper’s corrosion in 3% NaCl

Abstract

The paper presents an examination of the possibility of applying raspberry flower extract (Rubus idaeus L.) as a green inhibitor of general corrosion of copper in 3% NaCl. Raspberry flowers (Rubus idaeus L.) sort Polka were collected from the Moševac near Maglaj city, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Raspberry flower extract in ethanol was obtained by ultrasonic extraction. A significant content of polyphenol was found in the raspberry flower extract by UV/VIS spectrophotometry analysis.

Results obtained by DC techniques (by the methods of Tafel extrapolation, potentiodynamic polarization and linear polarization) prove that the corrosion rate decreases in the presence of the raspberry flower extract. Tests performed by the method of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy prove that the tested extracts slow down the kinetics of the corrosion process, which is visible through the increase in resistance.  The results of the conducted tests prove that in an aggressive medium, such as 3% NaCl solution, Polka raspberry flower extract can be used as an inhibitor of copper’s corrosion.

Keywords: extraction, raspberry flower, inhibitor, Tafel extrapolation, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy

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Ispitivanje efikasnosti ekstrakta cvijeta maline kao inhibitora korozije bakra u 3% NaCl

Izvod

Rad predstavlja ispitivanje mogućnosti primene ekstrakta cveta maline (Rubus idaeus L.) kao zelenog inhibitora opšte korozije bakra u 3% NaCl. Cvetovi maline (Rubus idaeus L.) sorte Polka su prikupljeni sa lokaliteta Moševac kod Maglaja, Bosna i Hercegovina. Ekstrakt cveta maline sorte Polka u etanolu dobiven je metodom ultrazvučne ekstrakcije. Analizom UV/VIS spektrofotometrijom pronađeno je da ekstrakt cveta maline sadrži značajan sadržaj polifenola.

Rezultati dobiveni DC tehnikama (metodama Tafelove ekstrapolacije, potenciodinamske polarizacije i linearne polarizacije) dokazuju da se brzina korozije smanjuje u prisustvu ispitivanog ekstrakta. Ispitivanja provedena metodom elektrohemijske impedancijske spektroskopije dokazuju da ispitivani ekstrakti usporavaju kinetiku korozionog procesa što je vidljivo kroz porast otpora. Rezultati provedenih ispitivanja dokazuju da se u agresivnom mediju, kao što je 3% rastvor NaCl, u svrhu zaštite bakra od korozije može koristiti ekstrakt cveta maline sorte Polka.

Ključne reči: ekstrakcija, cvet maline, inhibitor, Tafelova ekstrapolacija, potenciodinamička polarizacija, linearna polarizacija, elektrohemijska impedancijska spektroskopija.

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Aleksandar Prvanović1, Nenad Marić2*, Zoran Nikić2

1Hull & Associates, Inc, Emerald Parkway, Dublin,  Ohio, United States, 2University of Belgrade, Faculty of Forestry, Department of Ecological Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202122P

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
122 – 127  (2022)

 

Use of laser-induced fluorescence method in characterization of the site contaminated by petroleum hydrocarbons in United States

Abstract

Spatial characterization of the contamination is a fundamental component of any remediation approach. Compared to conventional investigation methods, the laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a faster screening tool and provides the detection of hydrocarbon contamination in real-time. This investigation was conducted at a hydrocarbon-contaminated site in Pennsylvania, US. The presence of light nonaqueous-phase liquids (LNAPL) was detected in 6 of 17 LIF borings, with the reference emitter responses ranging between 45% and 225%. The depth of the response was highly accurate and valuable and provided insight into the spatial distribution of contamination. The results indicated that no substantial amount of LNAPL existed along the LIF borings profile, thus excluding this area as a preferential LNAPL migration pathway. The obtained results contributed to the characterization and remediation of this industrial site.

Keywords: groundwater, petroleum hydrocarbons, spatial characterization, Laser-Induced Fluoresence

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Upotreba fluorescencije indukovane laserskim zračenjem (lif) kao metode u Sjedinjenim Američkim Državama

Izvod

Prostorna karakterizacija zagađenja je ključna komponenta bilo kog remedijacionog pristupa. U poređenju sa konvencionalnim metodama istraživanja, fluorescencija indukovana laserskim zracenjem (LIF) je brža i omogućava trenutnu detekciju naftnog zagađenja. Ovo istraživanje je izvedeno na industrijskoj lokaciji zagađenoj naftnim ugljovodonicima u Pensilvaniji, SAD. Prisustvo “lake” faze zagađenja (LNAPL – dizel) je potvrđeno u 6 od 17 bušotina, lociranih duž rova u kojem je cev za odvod kišnice, sa intenzitetom LIF signala  u rasponu između 45% i 225% (procenat referentnog emitera). LIF sistem je omogućio precizno definisanje dubine LNAPL faze omogućivši uvid u protostorni raspored zagađenja. Rezultati su ukazali da ne postoji značajan “rezervoar” LNAPL duž ispitivanog profila, isključivši mogućnost da pomenuti rov za odvod kišnice predstavlja glavni pravac migracije zagađenja. Sveukupno, dobijeni rezultati doprineli su karakterizaciji i remedijaciji ove industrijske lokacije.

Ključne reči: podzemne vode, naftni ugljovodonici, prostorna karakterizacija, fluorescencija indukovana laserskim zračenjem

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Nnaemeka Princewill Ohia, Henry Ndilemeni, Stanley Toochukwu Ekwueme*

Federal University of Technology Owerri, Department of Petroleum Engineering, Owerri, Nigeria

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202128P

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
128 – 134  (2022)

 

Utilization of indigenous pH control agents for drilling fluid preparation

Abstract

Drilling fluid pH is an important factor in drilling and production operations. If the pH is acidic, this will cause metallic parts such as the drilling string and casings to corrode. Also, much more additives will be needed to achieve the right rheological properties. In this work, the suitability of agro waste such as oil palm fruit fibre, ripe plantain peels and unripe plantain peels as drilling fluid pH control agents was studied. The materials were gotten from local sources and subjected to drying, burning and filtration. The filtrates obtained were used to treat water based drilling mud. It was found that the oil palm fruit fibre solution raised the pH to 8, while the ripe and unripe plantain peels solutions raised the pH values to 10 respectively. Laboratory test for sodium and potassium contents on the locally prepared pH control additives showed significantly higher concentrations in the unripe plantain peel solution, thereby making it most suitable as a pH control agent compared to the others.

Keywords: filtration properties; mud additives; plantain, oil palm.

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Korišćenje autohtonih sredstava za kontrolu pH vrednosti za pripremu tečnosti za bušenje

Izvod

Vrednost pH tečnosti za bušenje je važan faktor u operacijama bušenja i proizvodnje. Ako je pH kiseo, to će uzrokovati korodiranje metalnih delova kao što su bušaća kolona i kućišta. Takođe, biće potrebno mnogo više aditiva da bi se postigla prava reološka svojstva. U ovom radu je proučavana podobnost agro otpada kao što su voćna vlakna uljane palme, kore zrele i nezrele kore platana kao sredstva za kontrolu pH tečnosti za bušenje. Materijali su dobijeni iz lokalnih izvora i podvrgnuti sušenju, spaljivanju i filtriranju. Dobijeni filtrati su korišćeni za tretiranje isplake za bušenje na bazi vode. Utvrđeno je da rastvor voćnih vlakana uljane palme podiže pH na 8, dok rastvori kore zrele i nezrele kore platana podižu pH vrednosti na 10. Laboratorijski test na sadržaj natrijuma i kalijuma na lokalno pripremljenim aditivima za kontrolu pH pokazao je značajno veće koncentracije u rastvoru kore nezrele bokvice, što ga čini najpogodnijim kao sredstvo za kontrolu pH u poređenju sa ostalima.

Ključne reči: svojstva filtracije; aditivi za blato; plantain, uljane palme.

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Dejan Lončar1*, Vesna Krstić2, Nicholas Brown Tyack3, Mihailo Jovanović4, Jane Paunković5

1University of Geneva, Institute of Global Health, Geneva, Switzerland, 2MMI Bor & University of Belgrade, Technical Faculty Bor, Bor, Serbia, 3Graduate Institute of International and Development Studies Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland, 4Institut Català de Paleoecologia Humana i Evolució Social (IPHES) in Tarragona, Tarragona, Spain, 5University Business Academy in Novi Sad, Faculty of Social sciences, Belgrade, Serbia

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202135L

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
135-145 (2022)

 

Economic and technological aspects of the impact of PM2.5 particles on human health and productivity

Abstract

Over the past decades, technological and economic growth has significantly contributed to the improvement of the health care system through increased investment in technological research, training and the application of new technologies in health care. There is evidence that rapid technological and economic growth, contributing to the improvement of the health care system, also leads to a reduction in mortality rates, as well as to a longer life expectancy, which indirectly affects human activity in scientific and political spheres. At the same time, there is evidence that 2.5-micron particles (PM2.5 particles), as a result of industrial development and increased car use, have a negative impact on health outcomes around the world. This paper analyses the impact of increased concentration of PM2.5 particles in the air on economic and technological development, in order to explore whether there is an interdependent relationship between them. The paper aims to clarify the long-term effect of PM2.5 on health outcomes, control of technological and economic growth, as well as other important factors, based on the analysis of given panel data and the application of modern econometric methods. Accordingly, the purpose of this paper is to provide information on the negative impact of PM2.5 particles on human health, as an indirect impact on the development of new materials and technologies, taking into account socio-economic factors at the global level.

Keywords: PM2.5 particles, technological & economic growth, human health, regression analysis, panel data analysis.

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Ekonomski i tehnološki aspekti uticaja čestica PM2,5 na zdravlje i produktivnost ljudi

Izvod

Tokom proteklih nekoliko decenija tehnološki i ekonomski rast su značajno doprineli poboljšanju sistema zdravstvene zaštite kroz povećana ulaganja u tehnološka istraživanja, obuku i primenu novih tehnologija u zdravstvu. Postoje podaci da brz tehnološki i ekonomski rast, doprinoseći poboljšanju sistema zdravstvene zaštite, takođe dovodi i do smanjenja stope smrtnosti, kao i do dužeg životnog veka ljudi, što indeirektno utiče na aktivnost čoveka u naučnim i političkim sferama. Istovremeno, postoje podaci da čestice veleičine 2,5 mikrona (PM2,5 čestice), kao rezultat industrijskog razvoja i povećane upotrebe automobila, utiču negativno na zdravstvene ishode širom sveta. U ovom radu se analizira uticaj povećane koncentracije PM2,5 čestica u vazduhu na ekonomski i tehnološki razvoj, kako bi se došlo do zaključka da li između njih postoji uzajamno zavisan odnos. Rad ima za cilj da razjasni dugoročni efekat PM2,5 na zdravstvene ishode, na kontrolu tehnološkog i ekonomskog rasta, kao i na druge važne faktore, na osnovu analize datih panel podataka i na osnovu primene savremenih ekonometrijskih metoda, kako bi se potvrdile iznete tvrdnje. Shodno tome, svrha ovog rada je da pruži informacije o negativnom uticaju PM2,5 čestica na zdravlje ljudi, kao indirektnog uticaja na razvoj novih materijala i tehnologija, uzimajući u obzir socio-ekonomske faktore na globalnom nivou.

Ključne reči: PM2,5 čestice, tehnološki & ekonomski rast, zdravlje ljudi, regresiona analiza, analiza panel podataka.

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Massimo Rogante*

Rogante Engineering Office, Civitanova Marche, Italy

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202146R

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
146 – 152  (2022)

 

Analysis of biomedical materials and parts: advanced nano(micro)-characterization by neutron beam techniques

Abstract

The progress of the study of biomedical materials and devices, as well as their advancement, especially depend on the application of efficient characterization techniques to evaluate key physical parameters connected to performances, damage and quality. A main aim is to establish correct relationships between macroscopic functional properties and nano(micro)-characteristics. Numerous invasive biomedical devices, e.g., as planned to remain in the human body for the entire life of the patient, once implanted, operate in the ionic environment of the blood and in contact with the released substances and cells. The consequent effects must be added to the other aging factors: the dynamic stress of the pulsation is one of these effects and concerns the operational of self-expandable stents installed in arteries such as the carotid to correct stenosis. Neutron beam techniques are an excellent tool to study materials and parts of biomedical interest, contributing to solve important questions linked with the methodological restrictions of the analysis methods generally adopted: their results, complementarily, can help improving quality and functionality. This paper concerns the advanced nano(micro)-characterization of biomedical materials and parts by these non-destructive and non-invasive nuclear methods. Some examples related to the biological field are also mentioned. For applications in the biomedical and in the industrial sectors, the Rogante Engineering Office has developed particular methodological approaches and dedicated processing and treatment procedures.

Keywords: biomaterials, biomedical devices, neutron beam techniques, nanostructure, microstructure.

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Analiza biomedicinskih materijala i delova: napredna nano(mikro)-karakterizacija tehnikama neutronskog snopa

Izvod

Napredak u proučavanju biomedicinskih materijala i uređaja, posebno zavisi od primene efikasnih tehnika karakterizacije za procenu ključnih fizičkih parametara vezanih za performanse, oštećenja i kvalitet. Glavni cilj je uspostavljanje tačnih odnosa između makroskopskih funkcionalnih svojstava i nano(mikro) karakteristika. Brojni invazivni biomedicinski uređaji, na primer, planirani da ostanu u ljudskom telu tokom celog života pacijenta, jednom implantirani, deluju u jonskom okruženju krvi i u kontaktu su sa oslobođenim supstancama i ćelijama. Posledični efekti se moraju dodati ostalim faktorima starenja: dinamički stres pulsiranja je jedan od ovih efekata i tiče se rada samoproširujućih stentova instaliranih u arterijama, kao što je karotida, da bi se ispravila stenoza. Tehnike neutronskog snopa su odlično sredstvo za proučavanje materijala i delova od biomedicinskog interesa, doprinoseći rešavanju važnih pitanja povezanih sa metodološkim ograničenjima opšte prihvaćenih metoda analize: njihovi rezultati, komplementarno, mogu pomoći u poboljšanju kvaliteta i funkcionalnosti. Ovaj rad se bavi naprednom nano(mikro)-karakterizacijom biomedicinskih materijala i delova ovim nedestruktivnim i neinvazivnim nuklearnim metodama. Pominju se i neki primeri koji se odnose na biološko polje. Za primenu u biomedicinskom i industrijskom sektoru, Inženjerska kancelarija Rogante je razvila posebne metodološke pristupe i namenske postupke obrade i tretmana.

Ključne reči: biomaterijali, biomedicinski uređaji, tehnike neutronskog snopa, nanostruktura, mikrostruktura.

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Aleksandar Petričević1, Vladimir D. Jović2, Mila N. Krstajić Pajić1, Piotr Zabinski3, Nevenka R. Elezović2*

1University of Belgrade, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, Belgrade, Serbia, 2University of Belgrade, Institute for Multi­disciplinary Research, Belgrade, Serbia, 3AGH University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Non-Ferrous Metals, Krakow, Poland

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202153P

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
153 – 164  (2022)

 

Oxygen reduction reaction on electrochemically deposited sub-monolayers and ultra-thin layers of Pt on (Nb-Ti)2AlC substrate

Abstract

Catalytic activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in 0.5 M H2SO4 was investigated at sub-monolayers and ultra-thin layers (corresponding to 10, 30 and 100 monolayers, (MLs)) of Pt electrochemically deposited on (Nb-Ti)2AlC substrate. Electrochemical deposition of Pt layers on (Nb-Ti)2AlC substrate was achieved from the solution containing 3 mM K2PtCl4 + 0.5 M NaCl (pH 4) under the conditions of convective diffusion (RPM = 400) using linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) at a sweep rate of 2 mV s-1, by determining limiting potential for deposition of each Pt sample from the QPt vs. E curves. The Pt samples were characterized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). XPS analysis showed that practically the whole surface of (Nb-Ti)2AlC substrate is covered with homogeneous layer of Pt, while Pt ion reduction was complete to metallic form – Pt(0) valence state. Then oxygen reduction was studied at rotating disc electrode by cyclic voltammetry and linear sweep voltammetry. Two different Tafel slopes were observed, one close to 60 mV dec-1 in low current densities region and second one ~ 120 mV dec-1 in high current densities region. This novel catalyst exhibited higher activity in comparison to carbon supported one, in terms of mass activity – kinetic current density normalized to Pt loading.

Keywords: Platinum electrodeposition, oxygen reduction, acid solution.

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Reakcija redukcije kiseonika na elektrohemijski istaloženim tankim slojevima platine na (Nb-Ti)2AlC  nosaču

Izvod

Ispitivana je reakcija redukcije kiseonika na tankim slojevima platine u 0.5 mol dm-3 H2SO4. Tanki slojevi platine – čija količina naelektrisanja odgovara 10, 30 i 100 teorijskih monoslojeva Pt su istaloženi na nosaču od (Nb-Ti)2AlC. Za elektrohemijsko taloženje je korišćen rastvor 3 mM K2PtCl4 + 0.5 M NaCl pH = 4, u uslovima konvektivne difuzije (RPM = 400) primenom metode linearne skenirajuće voltametrije (LSV) pri brzini promene potencijala od 2 mV s-1. Elektrohemijski dobijeni platinski katalizatori na pomenutom nosaču su okarakterisani metodom fotoelektronske spektroskopija X-zraka (XPS), kao i elektrohemijskim tehnikama.

Za određivanje realne elektrohemijski aktivne površine elektrode je primenjena ciklična voltametrija, integracijom ispod anodnog dela voltamograma u oblasti adsorpcije vodonika na potpotencijalima. Za ispitivanje kinetike reakcije redukcije kiseonika je korišćena metoda linearne skenirajuće voltametrije na rotirajućoj disk elektrodi. Dobijene su dve vrednosti Tafelovog nagiba, jedna približno 60 mV dek-1 u oblasti malih prenapetosti, a druga ~ 120 mV dek-1, u oblasti većih gustina struje. Katalitička aktivnost katalizatora je poređena sa vrednostima iz literature dobijenim na platini na ugljeničim nosačima na 0.85 V prema reverzibilnoj vodoničnoj elektrodi, izražena kao kinetička gustina struje po realnoj površini electrode, ili specifična aktivnost – izražena kao kinetička gustina struje po masi platine. Pokazano je da katalizator sa 10 monoslojeva platine poseduje veoma dobru katalitičku aktivnost, posebno izraženu po masi istaložene platine.

Ključne reči: elekrohemijsko taloženje Pt, redukcija kiseonika, sumporna kiselina.

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Aleksandra Papludis, Ana Simonović, Slađana Alagić*

Univerzitet u Begradu, Tehnički fakultet u Boru, Bor, Srbija

Pregledni rad
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202165P

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
165 – 176  (2022)

 

The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil formed during incineracion of e-waste at the sites of its inadequate disposal and recycling

Abstract

Electronic and electric (e-) waste is a major environmental problem worldwide. An improper handling, disposal and recycling of e-waste lead to the negative impacts on the environment, especially on soil pollution. It is known that, in the environment, organic pollutants such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), can be formed in several ways, including the pyrolytic processes during the incineration of e-waste. Given that these organic substances are very toxic, even in extremely low concentrations, the main goal of this paper was to present a literature review of PAHs in the soil near the sites for the disposal and recycling of e-waste that are not regulated according to the adequate, positive legislations.

Keywords: PAHs, e-waste, pollution, soil, recycling, incineration

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Sadržaj policikličnih aromatičnih ugljovodonika u zemljištu formiranih tokom spaljivanja e-otpada na mestima njegovog neadekvatnog odlaganja i reciklaže

Izvod

Elektronski i električni (e-) otpad predstavlja veliki ekološki problem širom sveta. Nepravilno rukovanje, odlaganje i reciklaža e-otpada dovode do negativnog uticaja na životnu sredinu, posebno na zagađenje zemljišta. Poznato je da organske zagađujuće materije kao što su policiklični aromatični ugljovodonici (PAU), u životnoj sredini nastaju na više načina, pa tako i pirolitičkim procesima prilikom spaljivanja e-otpada. Imajući u vidu da su ove organske materije veoma toksične, čak i u izuzetno niskim koncentracijama, glavni cilj ovog rada bio je da se prikaže literaturni pregled PAU u zemljištu u blizini mesta za odlaganje i recikliranje e-otpada, koja nisu uređena po sanitarnim propisima.

Ključne reči: PAU, e-otpad, zagađenje, zemljište, reciklaža, spaljivanje

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Lev Chernyak*

National Technical University of Ukrain “Igor Sikorsky”, Polytechnic Institute, Kyiv, Ukraine

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202177C

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
177 – 182  (2022)

 

Industrial waste as a factor of increasing the chemical resistance of ceramics

Abstract

The possibility of the manufacturing of ceramics with equally high indicators of acid and alkali resistance is shown. The effect achieved is associated with the formation of a system of crystalline phases of anortite-hematite-cristobalite during the firing of masses created on the base of compositions of red mud and polymineral clay. Technological schemes of the production of ceramic materials from masses with the total content of 60-80% of red mud, non-ferrous metallurgy waste, which is the factor of increase of decorative and operational characteristics of production are proposed.

Keywords: ceramics, chemical resistance, red mud, composition, ceramic mass, firing, phase composition, properties.

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Industrijski otpad kao faktor povećanja hemijske otpornosti keramike

Izvod

Prikazana je mogućnost proizvodnje keramike sa podjednako visokim pokazateljima kiselinske i alkalne otpornosti. Postignuti efekat je povezan sa formiranjem sistema kristalnih faza anortit-hematit-kristobalit pri pečenju masa stvorenih na bazi kompozicija crvenog mulja i polimineralne gline. Predložene su tehnološke šeme proizvodnje keramičkih materijala iz masa sa ukupnim sadržajem 60-80% crvenog mulja, otpada obojene metalurgije, što je faktor povećanja dekorativnih i eksploatacionih karakteristika proizvodnje.

Ključne reči: keramika, hemijska otpornost, crveni mulj, sastav, keramička masa, pečenje, fazni sastav, svojstva.

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Ifeyinwa Calista Ekeke1,2*, Steve Efe1,
Felix Chigozie Nwadire3,4

1Morgan State University, Civil Engineering Department, Baltimore, Maryland, USA, 2Federal University of Technology, Chemical Engineering Department, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria, 3Michael Okpara University, Chemistry Department, Umudike, Umuahia, Abia State, Nigeria, 4Morgan State University, Chemistry Department, Baltimore, Maryland, USA

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.5937/zasmat2202183E

Zastita Materijala 63 (2)
183 – 202  (2022)

 

Plant materials as green corrosion inhibitors for select iron alloys: a review

Abstract

The importance of corrosion studies brings to the forefront economic losses, damage, and safety issues of metals deterioration in the construction industry. Although the choice of a material and use of inhibitors can contribute to its resistance to environmental corrosion behavior, the structural deterioration of metals can be exacerbated under operation conditions. In this review, highlights of research findings published in the past five years on the use of plant materials as corrosion inhibitors for variants of steel: carbon steel, mild steel, stainless steel are provided. It elucidates the meaning of green inhibitors and their types. It also presents the methods employed to ascertain the inhibition efficiencies of the plants/plant parts listed and the parameters considered in the corrosion inhibition analyses. The major gaps or limitations identified in the reported research findings include experimentation at constant temperatures and short immersion periods for the alloys. Due to the fact that, if these extracts were to be deployed for industrial use, they’d be subjected to more hazardous conditions, such as higher temperatures, pressures, etc., this paper proposes that their investigations as potential inhibitors on the laboratory/pilot scale be performed at higher temperatures and longer immersion times which may as such provide more comprehensive knowledge on the environmental/climatic requirements for their application. Additional improvement strategies are also suggested. The list of extracts, however, is not exhaustive.

Keywords: mild steel, carbon steel, corrosion, plant extracts, green corrosion inhibitors

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Biljni materijali kao inhibitor zelene korozije za odabrane legure gvožđa: pregled

Izvod

Značaj studija korozije stavlja u prvi plan ekonomske gubitke, štete i bezbednosna pitanja propadanja metala u građevinskoj industriji i privredi. Iako izbor materijala i upotreba inhibitora mogu doprineti njegovoj otpornosti na ponašanje korozije u okolini, strukturno propadanje metala može biti pogoršano u uslovima rada. U ovom pregledu daju se istaknuti nalazi istraživanja objavljenih u poslednjih pet godina o upotrebi biljnih materijala kao inhibitora korozije za varijante čelika: ugljenični čelik, meki čelik, nerđajući čelik. Razjašnjava značenje zelenih inhibitora i njihove vrste. Takođe, predstavlja metode koje se koriste da bi se utvrdila efikasnost inhibicije navedenih biljaka/delova biljke i parametri koji se razmatraju u analizama inhibicije korozije. Glavne praznine ili ograničenja identifikovana u prijavljenim nalazima istraživanja uključuju eksperimentisanje na konstantnim temperaturama i kratkim periodima potapanja za legure. Zbog činjenice da bi, ako bi se ovi ekstrakti koristili za industrijsku upotrebu, bili izloženi opasnijim uslovima, kao što su više temperature, pritisci, itd., ovaj rad predlaže da se njihova istraživanja kao potencijalni inhibitori u laboratoriji/pilot skala se izvodi na višim temperaturama i dužim vremenima potapanja što kao takvo može pružiti sveobuhvatnije znanje o ekološkim/klimatskim zahtevima za njihovu primenu. Takođe,  predlažu se dodatne strategije poboljšanja. Spisak izvoda, međutim, nije konačan.

Ključne reči: meki čelik, ugljenični čelik, korozija, biljni ekstrakti, zeleni inhibitori korozije

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