Zaštita Materijala 3. 2024

Anbarasu Prema1, Raghunathan Muthuselvi2*,
Ramaswami Vashantha3

1Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Government Arts College for Women, Nilakkottai, Tamilnadu, India, 2Associate Professor of Chemistry, Sri Meenakshi Government Arts College for Women (A), Madurai, Tamilnadu, India,3Assistant Professor of Chemistry, Anna Adarsh College for Women, Chennai, India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1179

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
389 – 398  (2024)

 

Synthesis and characterization of copper nanoparticle of Solanum Virginianum and Coccinia Grandis extract: A comparative study of thermal behavior

Abstract

A Biogenic, green synthesis method is described for the novel copper nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Solanum Virginianum and Coccinia Grandis. Fourier-Transform Infrared spectroscopy and Thermal gravimetric analysis were used to examine the resultant nanoparticles. Compositional analysis and the study of processes like vaporization and decomposition were both accomplished by thermogravimetric analysis. The volatile compounds that the sample released was analyzed using TGA in conjunction with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). From the FTIR data obtained it showed that the CG-CuNPs and SV-CuNPs both included functional molecular structure. Additionally, the TGA results showed that SV-CuNPs and CG-CuNPs exhibit effective thermal stability behavior, while the plant extracts from Coccinia grandis and Solanum virginianum play a major role in the creation of nanoparticles and also enhance their thermal stabilities.

Keywords: Coccinia grandis, Solanum virginianum, green synthesis, Copper nanoparticles, thermal analysis

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Sinteza i karakterizacija nanočestice bakra solanum virginianum iekstrakt coccinia grandis: komparativna studija o termičkom ponašanju

Izvod

Biogena, zelena metoda sinteze je opisana za nove nanočestice bakra iz ekstrakta listova Solanum Virginianum i Coccinia Grandis. Infracrvena spektroskopija sa Furije-transformacijom i termalna gravimetrijska analiza su korišćeni za ispitivanje rezultujućih nanočestica. Analiza sastava i proučavanje procesa kao što su isparavanje i raspadanje obavljene su termogravimetrijskom analizom. Isparljiva jedinjenja, koja je uzorak oslobodio, analizirana su korišćenjem TGA u kombinaciji sa infracrvenom spektroskopijom Furijeove transformacije (FTIR). Iz dobijenih FTIR podataka pokazalo se da i CG-CuNP i SV-CuNP uključuju funkcionalnu molekularnu strukturu. Pored toga, rezultati TGA su pokazali da SV-CuNP i CG-CuNP pokazuju efikasno ponašanje termičke stabilnosti, dok biljni ekstrakti iz Coccinia grandis i Solanum virginianum igraju glavnu ulogu u stvaranju nanočestica i takođe poboljšavaju njihovu termičku stabilnost.

Ključne reči: Coccinia grandis, Solanum virginianum, zelena sinteza, nanočestice bakra, termička analiza

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Vipin Kumar1*, Soniya Juneja1, Parvin Kumar2, Abhishek Sharma2, Dilip Kumar Dwivedi3, Nagendra Prasad Yadav4,  Rayees  Ahmad  Zargar5

1Department of Applied Sciences, KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi NCR, Ghaziabad, India, 2Department of Electronics and Communication Engg., KIET Group of Institutions, Delhi NCR, Ghaziabad, India, 3Photonics and Photovoltaic Research Lab, Department of Physics and Material Science, Madan Mohan Malaviya University of Technology, Gorakhpur, India, 4School of Electrical and Electronics Information Engineering, Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, Hubei, China,5Department of Physics,Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University Rajouri(J&K),India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1177
Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
399 – 402  (2024)

 

Synthesis and characterization of nanocrystalline SnO2 film by sol-gel assisted screen-printing route

Abstract

Generally, the sol–gel route engages spin-coating or dip-coating for the film deposition on a substrate. This paper first time establishes the synthesis of SnO2 film using an innovative and economical sol-gel assisted screen-printing route. As deposited film was finally sintered at 450 °C for 10 min. The polycrystalline nature and single-phase tetragonal structure of SnO2 was confirmed by XRD result. SEM result exposes the homogeneous pattern of different size particles with porous nature. Diffuse reflectance spectrum (DRS) analysis shows the band gap of sintered SnO2 film to be 3.65 eV. The Hall measurement test conveys the n-type conductivity for the film having a resistivity of 1.07 x 10-3 Ω cm.

Keywords:Sol-gel, film, XRD, Diffuse reflectance

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Sinteza i karakterizacija nanokristalnog SnO2 filma putem sitoštampe uz pomoć sol-gela

Izvod

Generalno, sol-gel postupak uključuje centrifugiranje ili potapanje za taloženje filma na podlogu. Ovaj rad po prvi put uspostavlja sintezu SnO2 filma koristeći inovativnu i ekonomičnu rutu sitoštampe uz pomoć sol-gela. Pošto je taložen, film je konačno sinterovan na 450°C tokom 10min. Polikristalna priroda i jednofazna tetragonalna struktura SnO2 potvrđena je XRD postup­kom. SEM rezultat otkriva homogeni obrazac čestica različite veličine, porozne prirode. Analiza spektra difuzne refleksije (DRS) pokazuje da je velicina u pojasu sinterovanog SnO2 filma 3,65eV. Holov test merenja prenosi provodljivost n-tipa za film koji ima otpornost od 1,07 k 10-3Ωcm.

Ključne reči: sol-gel, film, XRD, difuzna refleksija

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Ravi Shanker Ahuja, Annabathini Geetha Bhavani*,
Tanveer Ahmad Wani, Tara Prasad

School of Sciences, Noida International University, Greater Noida, India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1178

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
403 – 407  (2024)

 

Effect of Ni content over Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite structure

Abstract

Hydrotalcite powder materials have well demanded applications in various fields. The Ni-Mg-Al hydrotalcite materials are prepared through co-precipitation method by varying the Ni amounts. The Ni ratios of 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4 results the materials of Ni0.1Mg0.60Al0.34, Ni0.2Mg0.60Al0.34, Ni0.3Mg0.40Al0.34, Ni0.4Mg0.30Al0.34 are obtained at pH of 9.3.  The calcined hydrotalcite materials are analyzed through BET, XRD and SEM. The observations are well in correlation between the materials. Increase in Ni amount of 0.2 leads the optimum level of loading in hydrotalcite structure which may lead the inter-layer platelets spacing and reduces the surface area.

Keywords: Hydrotalcite materials; Synthesis; Nickel; Characterization

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Uticaj sadržaja ni na strukturu ni-mg-al hidrotalcita

Izvod

Hidrotalcitni praškasti materijali imaju veoma traženu primenu u različitim oblastima. Ni-Mg-Al hidrotalcitni materijali se pripremaju metodom ko-precipitacije variranjem količine Ni. Odnosi Ni od 0,1, 0,2, 0,3 i 0,4 rezultiraju da su materijali Ni0.1Mg0.60Al0.34, Ni0.2Mg0.60Al0.34, Ni0.3Mg0.40Al0.34, Ni0.4Mg0.30Al0.34 dobijeni pri pH od 9.3.  Kalcinisani hidrotalcitni materijali se analiziraju putem BET, XRD i SEM. Zapažanja su u dobroj korelaciji između materijala. Povećanje količine Ni od 0,2 dovodi do optimalnog nivoa opterećenja u strukturi hidrotalcita što može dovesti do međuslojnog razmaka trombocita i smanjenja površine.

Ključne reči: hidrotalcitni materijali; sinthesis; nickel; karakterizacija.

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Anas Shitu, Tanveer Ahmad Wani, Annabathini Geetha Bhavani*, B.Prabhakar, Ravi Shanker Ahuja, Mohammad Aslam, Mohd Umair, Tara Prasad

School of Sciences, Noida International University, Greater Noida, India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1182

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
408 – 417  (2024)

 

Elastic and mechanical properties of Osmium Diboride under high pressure

Abstract

The approach towards designing superhard materials incorporates the lighter elements like Boron, Carbon and Nitrogen. With the application of developed DFT theoretical formalism, the calculation of the single crystal elastic constants for Osmium Diboride OsB2 under High Pressure from first principle calculations are described in this paper. The calculated mechanical properties using Voigt and Reuss approximation for Bulk (B), Young (E) and Shear Modulus (G) (in kbar) and Poisson ratio (n) for different pressure ranges (0to 200 GPa) have been reported.

Keywords: DFT; OsB2; Pressure

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Elastična i mehanička svojstva osmijum diborida pod visokim pritiskom

Izvod

Pristup prema projektovanju supertvrdih materijala uključuje i upotrebu lakših elemenata kao što su bor, ugljenik i azot. Primena razvijenog teoretskog formalizma DFT je omogućila izračunavanje elastičnih konstanti u monokristalima osmijumdiborida OsB2 pod.visokim pritiskom, što je ovde opisano. Izračunate mehaničke osobine korišćenjem Voigt i Reuss aproksimacijom za zapreminski (B), Jungov (E) i smicajni modul (G) (u kbar) kao i za Puasonov koeficijent (n) u rasponu različitih vrednosti pritiska ovde su prikazane.

Ključne reči: DFT, OsB2, pritisak

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Edan Khan1, Bodduru Kamesh1*, Mesfin Kebede Kassa2,3,
Iqra Javid4

1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India, 2Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kombolcha Institute of Technology, Wollo University, Kombolcha, Ethiopia, 3School of Aerospace Engineering, Ethiopian Aviation University, Ethiopian Airlines, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. 4Department of Electrical, electronics, and Communication Engineering, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10. 62638/ZasMat1183

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
418 – 425  (2024)

 

Mechanical properties investigation of hybrid TI3C2TX MXene and carbon nanotube reinforced glass fiber epoxy composites

Abstract

The current work, presents the synergistic effects of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and MXene nanoplatelets (MXN) on the flexural, hardness, and water absorption properties of laminated glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites. The composites specimens with various concentrations of CNTs and MXN were fabricated by cost-effective vacuum-assisted hand lay-up technique. The results showed that the hybrid composite reinforced with CNT and MXN improved the flexural strength and hardness by 38% and 29%, respectively. It was also observed that the hybrid composite reinforced with MXN and CNT exhibited superior mechanical and water absorption properties. Moreover, MXN/CNT reinforced GFRP hybrid composites exhibited a weight gain of 1.004%, while the neat epoxy-reinforced GFRP composite showed a higher weight gain at 1.210%. Further, the elastic characteristics of hybrid glass fiber-reinforced epoxy composite were found to be significantly affected by the addition of MXNs rather than CNTs.

Keywords: MXene nanoplatelet, carbon nanotube, glass fiber, flexural property, water uptake capacity

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Sinergetski efekat MXene, CNT i hibridnih nanočestica na mehanička svojstva epoksidnih kompozita ojacanih staklenim vlaknima

Izvod

Sadašnji rad, predstavlja sinergističke efekte ugljeničnih nanocevi (CNT) i MXene nanopločica (MXN) na savijanje, tvrdoću i svojstva upijanja vode laminiranih polimernih kompozita ojačanih staklenim vlaknima (GFRP). Uzorci kompozita sa različitim koncentracijama CNT-a i MXN-a proizvedeni su ekonomičnom tehnikom ručnog polaganja uz pomoć vakuuma. Rezultati su pokazali da je hibridni kompozit ojačan CNT i MXN poboljšao čvrstoću na savijanje i tvrdoću za 38%, odnosno 29%. Takođe je primećeno da hibridni kompozit ojačan MXN i CNT pokazuje superiorna mehanička svojstva i svojstva upijanja vode. Štaviše, MXN/CNT ojačani GFRP hibridni kompoziti su pokazali povećanje težine od 1,004%, dok je čisti GFRP kompozit ojačan epoksidom pokazao veći porast težine od 1,210%. Dalje, utvrđeno je da na elastične karakteristike hibridnog epoksidnog kompozita ojačanog staklenim vlaknima značajno utiče dodavanje MXN, a ne CNT.

Ključne reči: MXene nanoplocice, ugljenične nanocevi, stakleno vlakno, savijanje, kapacitet upijanja vode

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Pratibha Singh1*, Ashima Srivastava2, Nupoor Srivastava3, Niharika Sinha1, Vivek Sharma4, Asha Upadhyay5

1Enviro Infra Solution Pvt. Ltd., Vasundhara, Ghaziabad, U.P., India, 2Department of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Technical Education, NOIDA, U.P, India, 3Department of Environmental Science, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P., India, 4Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangari, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India   5IGNOU Regional Centre Head Office, Jammu (Tawi), India

Review paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1184

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
426 – 439  (2024)

 

Microbial fuel cell as innovative approach for bio-electricity generation: A review

Abstract

The current global scenario is marked by substantial energy demands coupled with limited resources, leading to a widespread energy crisis. Non-renewable energy sources are depleting rapidly, while renewable sources remain underutilized. There is an urgent need for alternative methods of energy generation. In recent times, considerable attention has been directed towards microbial fuel cells (MFCs) due to their favorable operating conditions and the availability of a variety of eco-friendly substrates as fuel. Through the active breakdown of substrates by microorganisms, bioelectricity is produced, offering a sustainable solution to the escalating energy challenges. Extensive research has yielded new insights into Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), revealing that a diverse range of carbon sources, including various types of waste, can be effectively utilized with a wide array of microbes. Consequently, the microbial conversion of waste through innovative bioremediation techniques like utilizing MFCs present a potentially attractive alternative to conventional treatment processes in wastewater treatment, facilitating the direct generation of electric energy. This not only aligns with prevailing technological trends but also contributes to cost reduction in the overall process. This article comprehensively examines various components of Microbial Fuel Cells (MFCs), including the anode, cathode, and membrane. To address practical challenges within this field, pragmatic solutions are proposed. The review critically assesses diverse categories of wastes suitable for Bioenergy generation, exploring the associated microorganisms, power output, key advantages, challenges, and limitations and advancements of MFC technology.

Keywords: Fuel cell, bio-electricity, Microorganisms, wastewater

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Mikrobna gorivna ćelija kao inovativni pristup za proizvodnju bio-električne energije: pregled

Izvod

Trenutni globalni scenario je obeležen značajnim energetskim potrebama u kombinaciji sa ograničenim resursima, što dovodi do široko rasprostranjene energetske krize. Neobnovljivi izvori energije se brzo iscrpljuju, dok obnovljivi izvori ostaju nedovoljno iskorišćeni. Postoji hitna potreba za alternativnim metodama proizvodnje energije. U poslednje vreme, značajna pažnja je usmerena na mikrobne gorivne ćelije (MFC) zbog njihovih povoljnih uslova rada i dostupnosti raznih ekološki prihvatljivih supstrata kao goriva. Kroz aktivno razlaganje supstrata od strane mikroorganizama, proizvodi se bioelektrična energija, nudeći održivo rešenje za rastuće energetske izazove. Opsežna istraživanja su dovela do novih uvida u mikrobne gorivne ćelije (MFC), otkrivajući da se širok spektar izvora ugljenika, uključujući različite vrste otpada, može efikasno iskoristiti sa širokim spektrom mikroba. Shodno tome, mikrobna konverzija otpada kroz inovativne tehnike bioremedijacije kao što je korišćenje MFC-a predstavlja potencijalno atraktivnu alternativu konvencionalnim procesima tretmana u tretmanu otpadnih voda, olakšavajući direktnu proizvodnju električne energije. Ovo ne samo da je u skladu sa preovlađujućim tehnološkim trendovima, već takođe doprinosi smanjenju troškova u celokupnom procesu. Ovaj članak sveobuhvatno ispituje različite komponente mikrobnih gorivih ćelija (MFC), uključujući anodu, katodu i membranu. Za rešavanje praktičnih izazova u ovoj oblasti predlažu se pragmatična rešenja. Pregled kritički procenjuje različite kategorije otpada pogodnog za proizvodnju bioenergije, istražujući povezane mikroorganizme, izlaznu snagu, ključne prednosti, izazove i ograničenja i napredak tehnologije MFC.

Ključne reči: Goriva ćelija, bioelektrična energija, mikroorganizmi, otpadne vode

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Fredrick K. Saah1, Garima Nagpal1*, Flomo L. Gbawoquiyq1, Rashi Chaudhary2

1Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Department of Environmental Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India, 2Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Department of Life Sciences, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1185

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
440 – 451 (2024)

 

Groundnut shell carbon quantum dot magnetic iron oxide nanocomposite (GSCQD-FeFe2O4) for lead removal from water

Abstract

A novel adsorbent, GSCQD-FeFe2O4, combining groundnut shell-derived carbon quantum dots with magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, was synthesized for efficient removal of Pb(II) from water. Characterization studies confirmed successful synthesis, with UV analysis showing absorption at 210 nm and green luminescence indicating carbon quantum dots. FT-IR identified characteristic functional groups, while XRD confirmed well-ordered structures. FE-SEM revealed clustered carbon nanoparticles with magnetic iron oxide, and TEM showed small-sized carbon dots suitable for adsorption. Batch adsorption studies revealed optimal conditions for Pb(II) removal, including a pH range of 5-6, temperature of 20°C, contact time of 20 minutes, and adsorbent dose of 0.2 g. Isotherm studies indicated that both Langmuir and Freundlich models provided a good fit, with a calculated adsorption capacity of 37.8 mg/g. Thermodynamic analysis suggested spontaneous, exothermic adsorption with increased disorder. GSCQD-FeFe2O4 displayed excellent potential for Pb(II) removal, but further research on reusability and stability in industrial settings is needed for broader applicability.

Keywords: carbon quantum dots, groundnut shell, magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle, lead, adsorption capacity, thermodynamic parameters, thermodynamic isotherms

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Magnetni nanokompozit gvožđe-oksida (GSCKD-FeFe2O4)  za uklanjanje olova iz vode

Izvod

Novi adsorbent, GSCKD-FeFe2O4, koji kombinuje ugljenične kvantne tačke dobijene iz ljuske kikirikija sa magnetnim nanočesticama oksida gvožđa, sintetizovan je za efikasno uklanjanje Pb(II) iz vode. Studije karakterizacije potvrdile su uspešnu sintezu, sa UV analizom koja je pokazala apsorpciju na 210 nm i zelenom luminiscencijom koja ukazuje na kvantne tačke ugljenika. FT-IR je identifikovao karakteristične funkcionalne grupe, dok je XRD potvrdio dobro uređene strukture. FE-SEM je otkrio grupisane ugljenične nanočestice sa magnetnim oksidom gvožđa, a TEM je pokazao male ugljenične tačke pogodne za adsorpciju. Studije adsorpcije su otkrile optimalne uslove za uklanjanje Pb(II), uključujući pH opseg od 5-6, temperaturu od 20°C, vreme kontakta od 20 minuta i dozu adsorbenta od 0,2 g. Studije izoterme su pokazale da su i Langmuir i Freundlich modeli dobro pristajali, sa izračunatim kapacitetom adsorpcije od 37,8 mg/g. Termodinamička analiza je sugerisala spontanu, egzotermnu adsorpciju sa povećanim poremećajem. GSCKD-FeFe2O4 je pokazao odličan potencijal za uklanjanje Pb(II), ali su za širu primenljivost potrebna dalja istraživanja o ponovnoj upotrebi i stabilnosti u industrijskim okruženjima.

Ključne reči: ugljenične kvantne tačke, ljuska kikirikija, magnetna nanočestica gvožđe oksida, olovo, adsorpcioni kapacitet, termodinamički parametri, termodinamičke izoterme

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Flomo L. Gbawoquiya1, Kumari Rachna1*, Shankara S. Narayanan2, Pramod K. Singh2, Shiv Shankar3, Ikhwan Syafiq Mohd Noor4,  Muhd Zu Azhan Yahya5

1Department of Environmental Sciences, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India, 2Department of Physics, Sharda School of Basic Sciences & Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India.3Department of Environmental Science,School of Vocational Studies and Applied Sciences, Gautam Buddha University, Greater Noida, India.4Physics Division, Centre of Foundation Studies for Agricultural Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, 43400 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia, 5Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Petrahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1201

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
452 – 465  (2024)

 

Facile Synthesis and adsorptive removal of Rhodamine B dye from aqueous medium using green synthesized nanocomposite

Abstract

Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were synthesized using modified Hummer’s method and green approach from Carica papaya leaf extract (CPLE), respectively. ZnO NPs were then loaded onto rGO using a straightforward ultrasonic method to synthesize Zinc oxide-reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite (ZnO-rGO NC). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were used to characterize the synthesized nanoparticles and composite respectively. The nanocomposite was used to remove Rhodamine B dye (RhB) from aqueous solution. The effects of temperature, pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time were investigated. Testing was done on the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models as well and the thermodynamics parameters were computed. The effects of ZnO NPs, rGO, and ZnO-rGO NC independently on dye removal in a comparative analysis were carried out and resulteds were presented. In an aqueous medium, the nanocomposite demonstrated high removal efficiency  as an adsorbent for removing RhB dye at 99% compared to ZnO NPs at 60%. ZnO-rGO NC proved to be an effective adsorbent compare to ZnO NPs.

Keywords: Adsorption, ZnO nanoparticles, nanocomposites, pollutants, rhodamine b, reduced graphene oxide, carica papaya

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Laka sinteza i adsorptivno uklanjanje rodamina b boje iz vodene sredine korišćenjem zelenog sintetizovanog nanokompozita

Izvod

Redukovani grafen oksid (rGO) i nanočestice cinkoksida (ZnO NP) su sintetizovane korišćenjem modifikovane Hamerove metode i zelene sinteze iz ekstrakta lista Carica papaje (CPLE), respektivno. ZnO NP su zatim napunjeni na rGO korišćenjem jednostavne ultrazvučne metode za sintetizu nanokompozita grafen oksida redukovanog cink oksidom (ZnO-rGO NC). Infracrvena spektroskopija sa Furijeovom transformacijom (FTIR), emisiona skenirajuća elektronska mikroskopija (FESEM) i difrakcija rendgenskih zraka (XRD) su korišćene za karakterizaciju sintetizovanih nanočestica i kompozita. Nanokompozit je korišćen za uklanjanje Rhodamine B boje (RhB) iz vodenog rastvora. Ispitivani su uticaji temperature, pH, doze adsorbenta, početne koncentracije boje i vremena kontakta. Ispitivanje je takođe obavljeno na modelima Freundlich i Langmuir izoterme i izračunati su termodinamički parametri. Urađeni su i prikazani efekti ZnO NP, rGO i ZnO-rGO NC nezavisno na uklanjanje boje u komparativnoj analizi. U vodenom medijumu, nanokompozit je pokazao visoku efikasnost kao adsorbent za uklanjanje RhB boje sa 99% u poređenju sa ZnO NP sa 60%.

Ključne reči: Adsorpcija, ZnO nanočestice, nanokompoziti, zagađivači, rodamin B, redukovani grafen oksid, carica papaja

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Ashima Srivastava1*, Vivek Sharma2, Pratibha Singh3,
Nupoor Srivastava4

1Department of Chemistry, JSS Academy of Technical Education, NOIDA, U.P, India, 2Department of Zoology and Environmental Sciences, Gurukul Kangari, Haridwar, Uttarakhand, India, 3Enviro Infra Solution Pvt. Ltd., Vasundhara, Ghaziabad 201012, U.P., India, 4Department of Environmental Science, Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, U.P., India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1190

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
466 – 472  (2024)

 

Lignin and colour removal of pulp and papermill wastewater by enzymatic action of different fungal strains

Abstract

Wastewater from pulp and paper mill industries poses a major risk to the water and soil components of the ecosystem due to high concentration of organic as well as inorganic contaminants. In the present study, the performance of enzymatic activity of various fungal strains was investigated for the treatment of Pulp and paper mill effluent. Five effective white rot fungal strains were isolated which included Trametes versicolor recognized for the selective breakdown of lignin. Among all the strains, Trametes pubescens strain showed highest activity of lignin peroxidase, Fpase, xylanase, CMcase, protein, and sugar content at 120 h incubation period. Maximum removal efficiency of pollution load parameters such as colour (82%), COD (78%), lignin (83%) and adsorbable organic halides (AOX; 77%) was observed in Trametes pubescens on day 4 at 3.4 international unit per ml concentration of crude enzymes. The degradation and breakdown of high molecular weight contaminants such as lignin into small molecular weights compounds was established by FTIR and 13C NMR analyses.

Keywords: Lignin peroxidase, pulp and paper mill, effluent, FTIR, 13C NMR

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Uklanjanje lignina i boje iz otpadnih voda pulpi i papira enzimskim delovanjem različitih sojeva gljivica

Izvod

Otpadne vode iz industrije celuloze i papira predstavljaju veliki rizik za komponente vode i zemljišta ekosistema zbog visoke koncentracije organskih i neorganskih zagađivača. U ovoj studiji, ispitivana je aktivnost enzima različitih sojeva gljivica za tretman otpadnih voda fabrike celuloze i papira. Izolovano je pet efikasnih sojeva gljivica bele truleži, uključujući Trametes versicolor koji je prepoznat po selektivnoj razgradnji lignina. Od svih sojeva, soj Trametes pubescens pokazao je najveću aktivnost lignin peroksidaze, Fpaze, ksilanaze, CMcase, proteina i šećera u periodu inkubacije od 120 h. Maksimalna efikasnost uklanjanja parametara opterećenja zagađenjem kao što su boja (82%), COD (78%), lignin (83%) i adsorbirajući organski halogenidi (AOKS; 77%) primećena je u Trametes pubescens 4. dana pri 3,4 međunarodne jedinice po ml koncentracija sirovih enzima. Degradacija i razlaganje zagađivača visoke molekulske težine, kao što je lignin u jedinjenja male molekulske težine, ustanovljeno je FTIR i 13C NMR analizama.

Ključne reči: lignin peroksidaza, fabrika celuloze i papira, efluent, FTIR, 13C NMR

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Rajasekaran Saminathan1*, Abdulla Yahya Ali Nashali2, Abdulrahman Ahmed Ali Haqawi3, Shanmugasundaram Marappan4, Shanmuga Priya Natesan5, Farah Shakeel6

1-3Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia, 4Department of AI & ML, BMSIT & M, Bangalore, India, 5Deptartment of Mechanical engineering, Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumkur. Karnataka, India, 6Lecturer, Department of English, AlArdah University College, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1192

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
473 – 480  (2024)

 

Role of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in the corrosion monitoring processes

Abstract

When it comes to the upkeep of engineering structures in a variety of industries, corrosion monitoring systems are an extremely important components. In particular, applications such as storage tanks for hazardous chemicals and weight-bearing structures of large engineering constructions are at the forefront of providing attention to relevance. This is due to the fact that failures experienced by these applications can potentially result in catastrophic consequences. As a result, contemporary methods make use of the application of concepts connected with machine learning and artificial intelligence in order to efficiently monitor and identify corrosion related damges. As a consequence of this, the monitoring system is able to provide the control of the industrial structures with minute-by-minute updates. Therefore, the catastrophe is prevented to a significant degree, and there is a significant possibility of lowering the costs associated with technical procedures that require maintenance. Within the scope of this paper, a comprehensive analysis is conducted on the applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques that are utilized in corrosion monitoring systems across a wide range of industries. Through this assessment, the solutions and efficient corrosion monitoring methods that are specific to the domains made available. Consequently, the purpose of this work is to determine the appropriate technique of monitoring systems for each and every corrosion-related disorder.

Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, machine learning, corrosion monitoring system, oil and gas industries

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Uloga veštačke inteligencije (ai) i mašinskog učenja (ml) u procesima praćenja korozije

Izvod

Kada je u pitanju održavanje inženjerskih konstrukcija u raznim industrijama, sistemi za praćenje korozije su izuzetno važna komponenta. Posebno, aplikacije kao što su rezervoari za skladištenje opasnih hemikalija i nosive konstrukcije velikih inženjerskih konstrukcija su u prvom planu u obraćanju pažnje na relevantnost. To je zbog činjenice da kvarovi  koje dožive ove aplikacije mogu potencijalno dovesti do katastrofalnih posledica. Kao rezultat toga, savremene metode koriste primenu koncepata povezanih sa mašinskim učenjem i veštačkom inteligencijom u cilju efikasnog praćenja i identifikacije oštećenja uzrokovanih korozijom. Kao posledica ovoga, sistem za nadzor je u stanju da obezbedi kontrolu industrijskih objekata sa ažuriranjima iz minuta u minut. Dakle, katastrofa je u značajnoj meri sprečena, a postoji i značajna mogućnost smanjenja troškova vezanih za tehničke procedure koje zahtevaju održavanje. U okviru ovog rada, sprovedena je sveobuhvatna analiza primene veštačke inteligencije i tehnika mašinskog učenja koje se koriste u sistemima za praćenje korozije u širokom spektru industrija. Kroz ovu procenu, dostupna su rešenja i efikasne metode praćenja korozije koje su specifične za domene. Prema tome, svrha ovog rada je da se utvrdi odgovarajuća tehnika sistema praćenja za svaki poremećaj koji je povezan sa korozijom.

Ključne reči: Veštačka inteligencija, mašinsko učenje, sistem za praćenje korozije, industrija nafte i gasa

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Ramaiah Prakash1*, Sundaresan Srividhya2, Ramalingam Vijayalakshmi3, Ramasanjeevi Muruganantham4

1Department of Civil Engineering, Alagappa Chettiar Government College of Engineering and Technology, Karaikudi, India, 2Department of Civil Engineering, Builders Engineering College, Kangeyam, Tirupur, India, 3Department of Civil Engineering, Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of Engineering, Kalavakkam, Chennai, India,  4Department of Civil Engineering, Ramco Institute of Technology, Rajapalayam, India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1209

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
481 – 492  (2024)

 

Characterization and performance evaluation of coconut shell concrete  with alccofine supplements

Abstract

The development of a country’s infrastructure relies heavily on the use of cement concrete as the major building material. The aggregate represents a substantial amount of the total volume of concrete. However, the continuous exploitation of granite rock to obtain coarse aggregate adds to the growing demand for natural resources among future generations. The cement industry significantly contributes to global warming due to its substantial carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Reducing the consumption of cement in concrete, while maintaining its essential features, might lead to a more cost-effective and environmentally friendly advancement of the construction sector. This study explores the use of agricultural waste coconut shell as a replacement for traditional aggregate in concrete, resulting in the creation of lightweight coconut shell concrete. The alccofine- 1101 consists of ultrafine particles that have a unique composition, which improves the pozzolanic and hydration processes in concrete. Cement was supplemented with Alccofine substitutes, which varied in proportion from 5% to 15%. The findings indicated that substituting 10% of alccofine improved the workability and strength characteristics of the lightweight coconut shell concrete. Utilizing a blend of coconut shell and alccofine in concrete would represent the most ecologically conscientious choice within the construction sector.

Keywords: Alccofine; Coconut shell aggregate; Eco-friendly; Sustainability; Water absorption

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Karakterizacija i procena performansi betona od kokosove ljuske sa dodacima alkofina

Izvod

Razvoj infrastrukture jedne zemlje u velikoj meri se oslanja na upotrebu cementnog betona kao glavnog građevinskog materijala. Agregat predstavlja znatnu količinu ukupne zapremine betona. Međutim, kontinuirana eksploatacija granitnih stena za dobijanje krupnog agregata doprinosi rastućoj potražnji za prirodnim resursima među budućim generacijama. Industrija cementa značajno doprinosi globalnom zagrevanju zbog značajne emisije ugljen-dioksida (CO2). Smanjenje potrošnje cementa u betonu, uz zadržavanje njegovih osnovnih karakteristika, moglo bi dovesti do isplativijeg i ekološki prihvatljivijeg napretka građevinskog sektora. Ova studija istražuje upotrebu otpadne kokosove ljuske iz poljoprivrede kao zamene za tradicionalni agregat u betonu, što rezultira stvaranjem laganog betona od kokosove ljuske. Alkofin-1101 se sastoji od ultrafinih čestica jedinstvenog sastava, koji poboljšava pucolanske i hidratacione procese u betonu. Cement je dopunjen zamenama Alkofina, koje su varirale u proporcijama od 5% do 15%. Nalazi su pokazali da je zamena 10% alkofina poboljšala obradivost i karakteristike čvrstoće laganog betona od kokosove ljuske. Korišćenje mešavine kokosove ljuske i alkofina u betonu predstavljalo bi ekološki najsavesniji izbor u građevinskom sektoru.

Ključne reči: Alccofin, Agregat kokosove ljuske, ekologija, održivost, upijanje vode

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Ponomarev Daniil Andreevich1,2*, Krasnovskikh Marina Pavlovna1,2, Solovyova Anastasia Dmitrievna1, Shcherban Marina Grigorievna1

1Perm State University, Perm, Russian Federation,
2LLC “NPP SINTEZ”, Perm, Russian Federation

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1225

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
493 – 500  (2024)

 

Adsorption and anti-corrosion properties od cuttingfluids for shear blades of glass-forming machines

Abstract

The article presents the studies on the adsorption of water-miscible oil-containing cutting fluids on the R6M5 high-speed steel surface. The fluids can be used for the shear blades of drop feeders in glass-forming machines. The dependence of the anti-corrosion and lubricating properties of cutting fluids on their adsorption on steel surfaces is determined. The survey shows the serial G-417 cutting fluid achieves the highest adsorption value and anti-corrosion effect at a volumetric dilution of 1:4000, compared to the experimental cutting fluid based on G-417 at 1:1500. Based on the tests of the experimental cutting fluid at a glass factory, the experimental lubricant has greater operating dilution (1:1300) compared to the G-417 (1:800) at the same initial oil content. The higher lubricity of the new cutting fluid can be explained by the position of the adsorption maximum for the experimental mixture. The research formulates a necessary condition for improved operating characteristics, lubricity, and anti-corrosion properties of a cutting fluid by the selection of emulsifiers and functional additives for the cutting fluid: the proximity of the concentrations for maximum adsorption capacity and operating dilution ranges (1:800 – 1:2000). Electrochemical studies show that both the G-417 and experimental lubricant have anodic mechanism of corrosion inhibition.

Keywords: Adsorption, cutting fluid, anti-corrosion effect, surface tension, wetting, polarization curves

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Adsorpcijska i antikoroziona svojstva tečnosti za rezanje na mašinama za formiranje stakla

Izvod

U radu su prikazane studije o adsorpciji tečnosti za rezanje koje se mešaju sa uljem i sadrže ulje na površini brzoreznog čelika R6M5. Tečnosti se mogu koristiti za smicanje sečiva kapalnih hranilica u mašinama za formiranje stakla. Utvrđena je zavisnost antikorozivnih i podmazujućih svojstava tečnosti za sečenje od njihove adsorpcije na čeličnim površinama. Istraživanje pokazuje da serijska tečnost za sečenje G-417 postiže najveću vrednost adsorpcije i antikorozivni efekat pri zapreminskom razblaženju od 1:4000, u poređenju sa eksperimentalnom tečnošću za sečenje na bazi G-417 u 1:1500. Na osnovu ispitivanja eksperimentalne tečnosti za sečenje u fabrici stakla, eksperimentalno mazivo ima veće radno razblaživanje (1:1300) u poređenju sa G-417 (1:800) pri istom početnom sadržaju ulja. Veća mazivost nove tečnosti za sečenje može se objasniti položajem adsorpcionog maksimuma za eksperimentalnu smešu. Istraživanje je formulisalo neophodan uslov za poboljšanje radnih karakteristika, mazivosti i antikorozivnih svojstava tečnosti za sečenje izborom emulgatora i funkcionalnih aditiva za tečnost za sečenje: blizina koncentracija za maksimalni kapacitet adsorpcije i radni opseg razblaživanja (1 :800 – 1:2000). Elektrohemijske studije pokazuju da i G-417 i eksperimentalno mazivo imaju anodni mehanizam inhibicije korozije.

Ključne reči: Adsorpcija, tečnost za sečenje, antikorozivni efekat, površinski napon, vlaženje, polarizacione krive

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Paulcy Rani Palayyan Raja Bai1,*, Vaishnavi Sreekala
Kumari Gopakumar1, Sivakala Sarojam2, Anu Mini Aravind3, Xavier Thankappan Suryabai3

1Department of Chemistry, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 14, Kerala, 2Department of Chemistry, Sree Narayana College, Chempazhanthy, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, 3Centre for advanced materials research, Department of Physics, Government College for Women, Thiruvananthapuram 14, Kerala

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1059

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
501 – 509  (2024)

 

Microwave assisted synthesis of NiMn2O4 as electrode material for super capacitor applications

Abstract

In this work, spinel NiMn2O4 was successfully synthesized through microwave assisted co-precipitation method and followed by calcination at 500°C.  The crystal structure and the presence of functional groups in NiMn2O4 were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The surface morphology was examined by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE SEM).  From the BET analysis surface area and average pore diameter of the mesoporous NMO nanoparticles are calculated to be 10.513 m2g-1and 8.55nm. The electrochemical performance of material as electrode material for supercapacitor applications was analysed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The specific capacitance of the NMO electrode increased from 290.56 F/g to 751.57F/g with increase concentration from IM KOH to 6M KOH at scan rate of 5mV/s.  These results indicate spinel NiMn2O4 as a promising candidate for high performance energy storage applications.

Keywords: Microwave method, spinel, NiMn2O4, electrochemical performance, specific capacitance

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Sinteza NiMn2O4 kao elektrodnog materijala za super kondenzatorske primene

Izvod

U ovom radu, spinel NiMn2O4 je uspešno sintetizovan metodom ko-precipitacije uz pomoć mikrotalasne pećnice, nakon čega je usledila kalcinacija na 500°C.  Kristalna struktura i prisustvo funkcionalnih grupa u NiMn2O4 okarakterisani su difrakcijom rendgenskih zraka (XRD) i infracrvenom spektroskopijom Furijeove transformacije (FT-IR). Morfologija površine je ispitivana pomoću polja emisione skenirajuće elektronske mikroskopije (FE SEM). Iz BET analize izračunato je da površina površine i srednji prečnik pora mezoporoznih NMO nanočestica iznosi 10,513 m2g-1 i 8,55 nm. Elektrohemijske performanse materijala kao elektrodnog materijala za primenu u superkondenzatorima analizirane su cikličnom voltametrijom (CV) i spektroskopijom elektrohemijske impedanse (EIS). Specifični kapacitet NMO elektrode se povećao sa 290,56 F/g na 751,57 F/g sa povećanjem koncentracije sa IM KOH na 6M KOH pri brzini skeniranja od 5mV/s. Ovi rezultati ukazuju na spinel NiMn2O4 kao kandidata koji obećava za aplikacije za skladištenje energije visokih performansi.

Ključne reči: Mikrotalasna metoda, spinel, NiMn2O4, elektrohemijske performanse, specifična kapacitivnost

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Ghangas Jyoti1,*, Sumeet Gill2, Rajbala Rathee3,
Neha Phogat4,  Monika Srivastava5, Tarun Yadav6,
Muhd Zu Azhan Bin Yahya7, Serguei V. Savilov8

1Dept. of Mathematics, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, 2Dept. of Mathematics, M. D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, 3A.I.J.H. Memorial College, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, 4Dept. of Mathematics, M.D. University, Rohtak-124001, Haryana, India, 5Centre of Solar Cells and Renewable Energy, Sharda University, Greater Noida, 201310, India, 6Department of Basic Sciences, IES Institute of Technology and Management, IES University, Bhopal (M.P.), India, 7Faculty of Defence Science and Technology, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, 8Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1–3 Leninskiye Gory, Moscow 119991, Russia

 

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1235

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
510 – 515 (2024)

 

 

The impact of magnetic field on pulsatile blood flow through multi-stenosed tube

Abstract

The flow of blood via a multi-stenosed blood vessel that is modeled as having two layers and passing through a porous media is altered by an external magnetic field, as stated in this paper. In our current research, the explicit solutions of pressure gradient and both central and peripheral velocities are evaluated using the Frobenius Technique. Pictorial representations of the pressure gradient data for various parameters are produced using MATLAB programming. The study proves that variations in the peripheral layer’s thickness have an impact on the pressure gradient. These insights might help in the creation of more potent treatments for blood flow-related disorders.

Keywords: Frobenius method, pressure gradient, peripheral layer, flux profile, two-layered model.

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Uticaj magnetnog polja na pulsalni protok krvi kroz multistenoznu cev

Izvod

Protok krvi preko višestruko stenoziranog krvnog suda koji je modelovan kao da ima dva sloja i koji prolazi kroz porozni medij menja spoljašnje magnetno polje, kao što je navedeno u ovom radu. U našem trenutnom istraživanju, eksplicitna rešenja gradijenta pritiska i centralne i periferne brzine se procenjuju korišćenjem Frobeniusove tehnike. Slikovni prikazi podataka o gradijentu pritiska za različite parametre se proizvode korišćenjem MATLAB programiranja. Studija dokazuje da varijacije u debljini perifernog sloja utiču na gradijent pritiska. Ovi uvidi mogu pomoći u stvaranju snažnijih tretmana za poremećaje krvotoka.

Ključne reči: Frobenijusova metoda, gradijent pritiska, periferni sloj, fluk profil, dvoslojni model.

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Ramesh Kumar Rathinam1*, Jai Ganesh Ramajayam, Vanjinathan Mahalingam2, Muniraj Sarangapani1

1Department of Chemistry, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, Chennai, India, 2Department of Chemistry, Dwaraka Doss Goverdhan Doss Vaishnav College, Chennai, India

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1204

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
516 – 523  (2024)

 

Assessment of hydrogeochemical characteristics and potable quality of groundwater around Retteri lake in Thiruvallur district, Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract

Hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater are significantly affected by its interaction with aquifer minerals. This in turn affects the quality of groundwater for its intended usage. The objective of the present research is to identify the processes controlling the hydrogeochemical characteristics of groundwater around Retteri lake and to assess its potable quality. Ground water samples from 26 sites were collected from the study area and physicochemical analysis were performed to evaluate the water quality parameters such as pH, Electrical Conductivity(EC), Total Dissolved Solids(TDS), Total Hardness(TH), Total Alkalinity(TA), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl, SO42-, CO32-, HCO3and NO3. Correlation analysis for the water quality parameters was performed to identify the nature and degree of correlation among the various parameters. A strong positive correlation was observed between pH and HCO3. EC and TDS shows a strong positive correlation with Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+,  Cl and SO42-. TH exhibits a strong positive correlation with Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl and SO42-. Scatter plots were drawn among major ions to identify the geogenic processes responsible for the hydrogeochemical evolution of groundwater in the study area. The Gibbs plots of the study region indicate that water-rock interaction is the major process that influences the composition of groundwater. The Piper diagram reveals that Na-Cl and mixed Ca-Mg-Cl are the major hydrochemical facies of the groundwater in the study region. The potable quality of groundwater was examined through the evaluation of water quality index (WQI) by weighted arithmetic method. The WQI calculations reveals that 19% samples of groundwater are of excellent quality, 62% samples are of good quality and 19% samples are of poor to very poor quality.

Keywords: Scatter plot, water quality index, groundwater, total dissolved solids, total hardness andtotal alkalinity

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Procena hidrogeohemijskih karakteristika i kvaliteta pitke podzemne vode oko jezera retteri u okrugu thiruvallur, tamil nadu, indija

Izvod

Na hidrogeohemijske karakteristike podzemnih voda značajno utiče njihova interakcija sa mineralima vodonosnog sloja. Ovo zauzvrat utiče na kvalitet podzemne vode za njenu predviđenu upotrebu. Cilj ovog istraživanja je da se identifikuju procesi koji kontrolišu hidrogeohemijske karakteristike podzemnih voda oko jezera Retteri i da se proceni njihov kvalitet za piće. Uzorci podzemne vode sa 26 lokacija su prikupljeni sa područja istraživanja i izvršena je fizičko-hemijska analiza da bi se procenili parametri kvaliteta vode kao što su pH, električna provodljivost (EC), ukupne rastvorene čvrste supstance (TDS), ukupna tvrdoća (TH), ukupna alkalnost (TA ), Ca2+, Mg2, Na+, K+, Cl, SO42-, CO32-, HCO3- i NO3-. Korelaciona analiza za parametre kvaliteta vode je izvršena da bi se identifikovala priroda i stepen korelacije između različitih parametara. Uočena je jaka pozitivna korelacija između pH i HCO3-. EC i TDS pokazuju jaku pozitivnu korelaciju sa Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, Cl- i SO42-. TH pokazuje jaku pozitivnu korelaciju sa Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- i SO42-. Raspršene su dijagrame među glavnim jonima da bi se identifikovali geogeni procesi odgovorni za hidrogeohemijsku evoluciju podzemnih voda u oblasti istraživanja. Gibsovi dijagrami regiona istraživanja pokazuju da je interakcija vode i stene glavni proces koji utiče na sastav podzemnih voda. Pajperov dijagram otkriva da su Na-Cl i mešani Ca-Mg-Cl glavne hidrohemijske facije podzemnih voda u proučavanom regionu. Kvalitet podzemnih voda za piće je ispitivan kroz procenu indeksa kvaliteta vode (VKI) ponderisanom aritmetičkom metodom.  Proračun VKI otkriva da je 19% uzoraka podzemnih voda odličnog kvaliteta, 62% uzoraka dobrog kvaliteta i 19% uzoraka lošeg do veoma lošeg kvaliteta.

Ključne reči: dijagram rasejanja, indeks kvaliteta vode, podzemne vode, ukupne rastvorene čvrste materije, ukupna tvrdoća i ukupni alkalitet.

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Vladan Nedelkovski, Milan Radovanović, Slađana Alagić*

Technical faculty in Bor, University of Belgrade, Bor, Serbia

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1007

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
524 – 533  (2024)

 

Photocatalytic degradation of naphthalene, using various nanocomposite materials mostly based on metal oxides

Abstract

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) cause significant environmental and health concerns, necessitating effective remediation strategies. Specifically, biological treatments are only effective for PAH compounds with lower molecular weights, while for the efficient elimination of more complex PAH structures, the photocatalytic method is more recommended. Photocatalytic degradation has primarily relied on TiO2-based materials. However, this review focuses on the utilization of various nanomaterials for the degradation or total removal of naphthalene from the environment, and especially from wastewater. Precisely speaking, the photocatalytic activity of various nanocomposite materials containing (predominately) metal oxides is discussed, with an emphasis on photocatalytic degradation mechanisms and the identification of degradation intermediates. Key findings reveal that these materials hold substantial promise, and that photogenerated holes, superoxide radicals, and hydroxyl radicals play crucial roles in the degradation processes, highlighting additionally the unique mechanisms of these processes. Important information about the intermediates and pathways of naphthalene photodegradation discussed in the mechanisms of degradation has been confirmed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).

Key words: Degradation mechanisms, naphthalene, nanomaterials, photocatalysis

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Fotokatalitička degradacija naftalena, koristeći različite nanokompozitne materijale, pretežno bazirane na oksidima metala

Izvod

Policiklični aromatični ugljovodonici (PAU) izazivaju značajnu zabrinutost u aspektima ekologije i zdravstva, što zahteva efikasne strategije njihovog uklanjanja. Na primer, biološki tretmani su efikasni samo za PAU jedinjenja nižih molekulskih masa, dok se za efikasno uklanjanje PAU složenijih struktura sve više preporučuje fotokatalitički metod. Fotokatalitička razgradnja se uglavnom oslanjala na materijale na bazi TiO2. Međutim, ovaj revijalni rad fokusiran je na upotrebu različitih nanomaterijala za degradaciju, ili potpuno uklanjanje naftalena iz okoline, a posebno iz otpadnih voda. Preciznije rečeno, sagledana je fotokatalitička aktivnost različitih nanokompozitnih materijala koji (preovlađujuće) sadrže metalne okside, sa osvrtom na mehanizme fotokatalitičke razgradnje i identifikaciju međuprodukata. Ključni nalazi otkrivaju da ovi materijali imaju značajan potencijal i da fotogenerisane šupljine, superoksid radikali i hidroksil radikali igraju ključne uloge u procesima razgradnje naftalena, dodatno ističući jedinstvene mehanizme ovih procesa. Važne informacije o međuproduktima i putevima fotodegradacije iznete u diskusiji o mehanizmima razgradnje naftalena potvrđene su metodom gasne hromatografije sa masenom spektrometrijom (GC-MS).

Ključne reči: Degradacioni mehanizmi, fotokataliza, naftalen, nanomaterijali

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Yassine El Guerri1*, Bendaoud Mebarek2

1Research Laboratory of Industrial Technologies, University of Tiaret, Algeria, 2Laboratoire de Recherche en Intelligence Artificielle et Systèmes (LRIAS), University of Tiaret, Algeria

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1221

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
534 – 543  (2024)

 

Determining boride layer thicknesses formed on XC38 steel with artificial neural network

Abstract

Boride layers result from surface treatments of materials, offering valuable mechanical and tribological aspects that extend the material’s life expectancy and potential. They are achieved by a process known as boriding in which boron atoms are diffused into the material until saturation, where a layer that may be mono or dual-phased begins to thicken over time depending on the period of treatment, the temperature held, the media applied, the composition of the material with its impurities, and more. Due to the difficulty of encompassing all those different parameters that influence the kinetic evolution of that boride layer, the idea was to start by training an artificial neural network to estimate its thickness with only two variables and inspect the results. Three experimental observations out of nine were used as validating data, while the rest were training data, along with others added. Depending on the reliability of the predictions given by the artificial neural network, further research can explore the possibilities of training it on different samples and environments through data mining.

Keywords: Machine learning, artificial neural network, layer thickness, boride layers, boriding

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Određivanje debljina boridnog sloja formiranog na čeliku xc38 sa umetnutom neuronskom mrežom

Izvod

Boridni slojevi su rezultat površinske obrade materijala, nudeći vrijedne mehaničke i tribološke aspekte koji produžuju životni vijek i potencijal materijala. Oni se postižu postupkom poznatim kao borenje u kojem se atomi bora difundiraju u materijal do zasićenja, gdje sloj koji može biti jednofazni ili dvofazni počinje da se zgušnjava tokom vremena u zavisnosti od perioda tretmana, održane temperaturi, medija primijenjen, sastav materijala sa njegovim nečistoćama, i još toga. Zbog poteškoće da se obuhvate svi oni različiti parametri koji utiču na kinetičku evoluciju tog boridnog sloja, ideja je bila da se počne obučavanjem veštačke neuronske mreže da proceni svoju debljinu sa samo dve varijable i pregleda rezultate. Tri eksperimentalna zapažanja od devet korištena su kao validacijski podaci, dok su ostali bili podaci o obuci, zajedno s ostalim dodanim. Ovisno o pouzdanosti predviđanja koje daje umjetna neuronska mreža, daljnja istraživanja mogu istražiti mogućnosti njezine obuke na različitim uzorcima i okruženjima kroz rudarenje podataka.

Ključne riječi: Mašinsko učenje, umjetna neuronska mreža, debljina sloja, boridni slojevi, boronizacija

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Imo Ejeagba Okorie1*, Orji Justina Chibuogwu1,
Ihejirika Chinedu Emeka2, Ngumah  Chima Clifford 1, Akajiaku Nwogu Nkemakolam1, Okoro Ezinne Innocentia1

1Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria,  2Department of Environmental Management, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Nigeria

Scientific paper
ISSN 0351-9465, E-ISSN 2466-2585
https://doi.org/10.62638/ZasMat1229

Zastita Materijala 65 (3)
544 – 550  (2024)

 

Microbial corrosion inhibition of mild steel by Bacillus thuringiensis

Abstract

The mechanism of microbial corrosion inhibition cannot be linked to a single biochemical reaction or particular species or group of microbes. Some microorganisms are able to both cause and inhibit corrosion. Studies on the effects of Bacillus thuringiensis on the corrosion behaviour of mild steel were carried out using gravimetric and atomic force microscopy (AFM) analysis. The mild steel coupons 2 x 2 x 2 cm in size were suspended with a cotton thread which passes through a hole in each coupon, inoculated with the bacteria culture and incubated aerobically. The coupons were retrieved at 10 days intervals progressively for 60 days and analyzed. The result revealed that B. thuringiensis inhibited the corrosion of mild steel. The corrosion rate showed clear decrease in rate from 0.45 mpy after 10 days to 0.03 mpy after 60 days of exposure to B. thuringiensis when compared to a significant increase in corrosion rate observed (from 0.67 mpy after 10 days to 3.98 mpy after 60 days) for mild steel not exposed to the bacterium respectively. The AFM analysis showed a wavy pattern of corrosion on the surfaces of the metals not exposed to bacteria due to heights differences, coupled with some peaks and valley formed as a result of uneven deposition of corrosion products. Bacillus thuringiensis is very effective in decreasing and inhibiting mild steel corrosion in an aerobic environment.

Keywords: Microbial corrosion, inhibition, metals, corrosion rate, biofilm, Bacillus thuringiensis

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Inhibicija mikrobne korozije mekog čelika pomoću bacillus thuringiensis

Izvod

Mehanizam inhibicije mikrobne korozije ne može se povezati sa jednom biohemijskom reakcijom ili određenom vrstom ili grupom mikroba. Neki mikroorganizmi su u stanju da izazovu i inhibiraju koroziju. Studije o uticaju Bacillus thuringiensis na koroziono ponašanje mekog čelika sprovedene su primenom gravimetrijske i mikroskopske analize atomske sile (AFM). Taloni od mekog čelika veličine 2 x 2 x 2 cm su okačeni pamučnim koncem koji prolazi kroz rupu u svakom talonu, inokulisani kulturom bakterija i inkubirani aerobno. Taloni su preuzimani u intervalima od 10 dana progresivno tokom 60 dana i analizirani. Rezultat je otkrio da B. thuringiensis inhibira koroziju mekog čelika. Stopa korozije je pokazala jasno smanjenje brzine sa 0,45 mpi nakon 10 dana na 0,03 mpi nakon 60 dana izlaganja B. thuringiensis u poređenju sa značajnim povećanjem uočenog stepena korozije (sa 0,67 mpi nakon 10 dana na 3,98 mpi nakon 60 dana) za blagi čelik koji nije izložen bakterijama, odnosno. AFM analiza je pokazala talasast obrazac korozije na površinama metala koji nisu bili izloženi bakterijama zbog visinskih razlika, zajedno sa nekim vrhovima i dolinama nastalim kao rezultat neravnomernog taloženja produkata korozije. Bacillus thuringiensis je veoma efikasan u smanjenju i inhibiciji blage korozije čelika u aerobnom okruženju.

Ključne reči: mikrobna korozija, inhibicija, metali, brzina korozije, biofilm, Bacillus thuringiensis

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